Airframe Systems free essay sample

State three purposes of pneumatic supply system for a typical piston engine powered light aircraft, and give the functions of the piston engine air compressor and receiver, within the system. An aircraft powered by a piston engine usually tends to have a pneumatic air supply system. This allows the function of different systems on the aircraft that are essential to the flight of the aircraft. In a newer system the supply system will provide a vacuum of air for the gyro’s, so that the de icing boots on the leading edge of the wings can inflate, for example, the boots on the jet stream wings inflate. The vacuum sometimes provides for some of the flight controls. An example of these flight controls would be the auto pilot system. The piston powered aircraft tend to consist of a receiver and a compressor. The compressor collects the air from the intake of the engine, creating a high volume of compressed air and storing it, acting like a storage tank. We will write a custom essay sample on Airframe Systems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The receiver is there to make sure that the volume of air is consistent and smooth, else parts may move with too much force and damage themselves. In modern day aircraft, the only pneumatic system used is there to drive the autopilot system and the gyros. P2 – describe how air is supplied to the cabin pressurization system pre-cooler, for a typical passenger aircraft that’s powered by gas turbine engines, include in your answer where the air supply is taken off the engine The cabin pressurization system is designed to keep the pressurization of the inside of the aircraft to a higher level than outside the aircraft, this is done by taking air from the ram stage of the gas turbine. This air is then supplied to the heat exchanger at minimum pressure. When the aircraft is in flight, the air is bled from the low pressure stage of the compressor, this supplies air to the aircrafts pneumatic systems. But when the aircraft is on the ground at a standstill, there is no pressurization in the gas turbine. The high pressure stage of the compressor is manually operated on the ground when the engine is idling. A regulating valve is used to regulate the pressure of the bleed air when it has been taken from the pressurization stage of the engine. he air is then passed through a heat exchanger and dehumidified. The hot air is cooled and the heat exchanger is fed by cool air directly from the early compression stage of the engine. P3-with aid of diagrams describe the purpose of the aircraft cabin pressurisation systems, for a typical pressurized airframe. In your answer state the function of the following system features : I. Ram air ii. bleed air iii. the air cycle unit and the humidifier(water extractor) On passenger aircraft, a control system is there to monitor and control the temperatures of the cabin area. The cabin conditioning and the pressurization system would be -56Â °c and would be impossible for passengers to survive the lack of pressure and breathe, as the aircraft flies at a very high altitude. The control system is there to control the cabins temperature and maintain the cabins pressure. The control system has 2 related systems, one of them is for the temperature control and the other is for pressurization. Both of these use the engine bleed air. The hot pressurized air passes through the heat exchanger. This cools down the air as it passes through, reducing the air to the desired temperature. When the hot pressurized air enters the air conditioning pack, it passes through a valve that controls the air pressure before passing through the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is there to dissipate the heat as the air passes through them, they are positioned inside the ram air ducts, sometime on the underbelly of the aircraft. The ACU’s role is to cool hot bleed air. The system works similar to a refrigerator except there is no condensation or evaporation of a refrigerant involved. The unit consists of a small air expansion turbine and a compressor, connected by shaft. The system takes the hot air and rapidly decreases its temperature by converting that heat into kinetic energy. The water then condenses as it passes through the turbine and out of the exhaust. Then passes into the water extractor. The extractors job is to remove all the moisture out of the air in the system, ice may form as the the air tends to come out of the turbine at 0c, so a sensor checks the temperature to make sure that ice cannot form. If it becomes too cold, hot air can be directed from the bleed air system through a valve. M1 – The air supplied to the pneumatic systems of gas turbine powered aircraft, and piston engine powered aircraft, is different. Explain how the pneumatic supply systems differ for the two different aircraft types. Your answers must relate to typical pressurised passenger or cargo aircraft systems. The pneumatic systems on gas turbine powered aircraft are different from those that are on aircraft that are powered by piston engines. Larger aircraft depend more on pneumatic systems due to their increased flying altitude and need a form of environmental control system. For example, air conditioning. The air conditioning system provides a more suitable living atmosphere pressure inside the cabin, by supplying oxygenated air to breathe. The bleed air helps to pressurise the airframe of the aircraft at a high altitude. Because the piston engine powered aircraft don’t tend to fly at a high altitude, there is no need for a large pneumatic supply system to power the climate control. This is how the two types differ from each other. On gas turbine powered aircraft, there is an environmental control system that pressurises the airframe and supplies the cabin with a decent air temperature and oxygen level. The systems that run on large aircraft consist of pressurisation of the fuel tanks, de icing of the wings and engine, pressurisation of the fuel tanks, the hydraulic oil. The pressurisation from the APU is also capable of starting the turbine engines of the aircraft. A continuous flow of air is constantly bled from different stages of the compressor and fed into power certain systems, the stages may change due to the air density at clime and the rpm of the engine. The hot air coming from the exhaust stage of the engine can exceed temperatures of 250Â °c, so the air needs to be cooled before it can pass through certain parts of the aircraft. The gas turbine pneumatic system consists of 2-3 bleed ports, the air is normally taken from the low pressure stage, the intermediate pressure stage and the high pressure stage of the engines compressor. The system also has shutoff valves so that the air can be stopped from the compressor. A non return flow valve stops high pressure air getting into the low pressure bleed port. The bleed air is then taken through a heat exchanger , this is cooled using the ram air taken from the front section of the engine. Because of high pressure there is also a flow regulator that controls the flow of air through the system. The air passes through another check valve to prevent the air from being fed back into the system. The air then passes through a pressure regulating valve and then into the consumption systems. Piston engine powered aircraft use a different air supply because there is less need for pneumatic air to run into the different systems. The air is bled from each engines compressor, then it is moisture separator, then it is fed through a non return valve. The air isn’t at a high pressure like from the gas turning engine. his means that there is less a need to have things such as pressure regulating valves, ran air cooling and various bleed ports in the systems. The air is fed through filters, and then fed into the receivers. There are usually three storage bottles with a twin piston engine, the brake bottle, the emergency bottle and the primary bottle. The air gets taken from the primary bottle, then through a filter. The filtered air then goes into consumption systems such as passenger doors. M2 – Explain how on a pressurized airframe the environmental control system is monitored, and controlled, from the crew compartment. In your answer you must include the control of both cabin pressure and temperature and also the following: i. Sensors. ii. Duct stats (temperature probes). iii. Motorised valves the environmental control system is all controlled from the cockpit. The crew has a pneumatic panel that enables them turn the bleed air on or off, and select the pneumatic air to be fed into the left or right wing anti ice systems. This is because the system requires pneumatic air to function. The panel also has an alert panel, so that the crew can see if the air is being dual bled, whether the ram air doors are closed, or if anything in the system is overheating. The environmental control system at cruise altitude should have a pressure of about 9 psi, and the temperature should be between 15-25Â °C. The system needs to be constantly monitored and controlled from the cockpit. The crew can set the air-conditioning panel to auto or manual. The pneumatic system that is used to pressurise the airframe is always controlled automatically using sensors and motorised valves, allowing the correct volume of air inside the cabin, preventing depressurisation. i. Sensors- sensors are used in the ECS to establish the flowe rate of the air that runs through the system. This is so that the correct flow and pressure of air gets into the consumer systems. There are also sensors that detect excessive temperatures in the system. This reacts to the temperature and uses the ram air to enable cooling or shuts down the system to regain a moderate temperature. ii. Duct stats (temperature probes)- the duct temperature probes measure the statistics of the ducts, they send the temperature data from the duct that supplies air to the cabin and the cockpit air distribution system. There are usually three probes that are in the system. There is normally one that is in cabin conditioned air duct upstream of the left hand pressure penetration. The next probe is in the cockpit contisioned air duct on the right hand side pressure penetration. The last probe is upstream the moisture separator iii. Motorised valves- the environmental control system and other pneumatically run systems use different types of motorised valves controlling the flow of air. In the ECS there is usually three temperature control valves. These valves are butterfly valves , they regulate the flow of hot air to be mixed with cold air from the ECU. The other type of motorised valve are used to discharge air out of the rear cabin. These valves are used to keep the correct cabin pressure . the outflow valves are operated during normal operation using a DC motor. in an emergency operation, the valves run on AC motors as the valves will need to open and close quickly.

7 Nudges to Work Into Your Query Letters

7 Nudges to Work Into Your Query Letters Nudges are psychological levers that can be used to help influence and persuade people because they work with the way our minds are wired. Here are some common nudges you can work into your query letters and project submissions Nudge Theory  is a branch of economics designed to help us all make better decisions Nudges are widely used in social policy and the corporate world now, to help people make better choices in everything from pensions to well-being.  Richard Thaler, one of the developers of nudge theory, won the Nobel Prize for Economics last year. For example, we tend to take the path of least resistance when it comes to decision-making and will, as a rule, opt for the default option. For this reason, its suggested that state pension schemes and organ donation policies should be opt-out rather than opt-in. Marketers have long used many a wide range of nudges and are finding new ways to nudge people towards sales all the time. Fear of missing out (FOMO), social proof, upselling and product placement are all examples of marketing nudges in action. Here are some nudges that you can work into your query letters when trying to sell your work to editors, agents, and publishers Authority.  We have a natural tendency to defer to people who position themselves as experts. If you have written a book about a particular country or historical period, the amount of research or subject-matter knowledge or traveling that you can bring to bear will add authority to your submission. Mentioning other titles that you have published, or writers who have recommended you, or competitions you have placed are all badges of authority too. Ease.  The easier something looks to read, the more likely it will get read. Your recipient is a busy person, so get to the point in clear, direct sentences, and dont bombard them with unnecessary information. Set out your letter in a scannable, user-friendly style, with short paragraphs and bullets and bold to highlight key points. Less is more! Social proof.  We have a natural tendency to follow the herd, which is why businesses love testimonials and case studies. Any evidence you have of the popularity of your work is worth mentioning here – perhaps you have a story that is very popular with your writers group, or you had successfully published pieces on a similar topic before, or achieved rankings in an Amazon category, or have grown a strong social media following. Mention anything that shows you have the makings of a tribe, and you will be that bit harder to ignore. Reciprocity.  Giving to get is another powerful lever. In exchange for having your work considered, you might offer a free report or access to other useful material you have published. Or you could offer to provide some sample work for free. The content agency I work for often does this – its a move that shows confidence and gives a prospect something for nothing, while also giving us an opportunity to showcase what we can do. Affinity.  Its hard to say no to people we like. An engaging letter thats respectful of your recipients time, with courtesy, a touch of humor and some personality can often go a long way to getting that first foot in the door. Objection-handling.  A subtle but often very effective nudge is to call out some of the objections that people might have to your idea and explaining why theyre wrong. Idea been done before? Yes, but not from this angle. Not a normal way to approach the theme? Well, no, but then again it worked for book x or film y. This kind of thinking inspires confidence because it shows that you have thought hard about the market context. Priming/topicality.  Look for topics related to your work that are in the news. Making connections with whats happening currently will add a sense of urgency and relevance to your work. If your work has some thematic similarities with other works coming out around the same time, make the most of that too: editors sometimes like the reassurance/excitement of feeling that they are part of a burgeoning trend Final thought:  Dont overdo it and stay yourself Nudges are an interesting and often a very effective way to pitch work more impactfully. But as with any persuasive technique, if the effect feels too forced or too overdone, it can easily backfire. No one wants to feel manipulated, after all. Its probably best to focus on one or two areas that work best for you and your work. If youd link to find out more about nudges, this is a good place to start (https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/glossary/nudges/).

How did the Force Acts attack the Ku Klux Klan Essay

How did the Force Acts attack the Ku Klux Klan - Essay Example The Klan existed in three phases, but all of them focused on the same issues of racism. The success of the group was threatened and wiped by several Acts that were passed to protect the Black and minority in the society. The success of the Klan was due to political support and lack of proper legislation to protect the right of the blacks. With the problem of insecurity, in the slums, it was easier for the group to unleash terror to the Blacks who lived in the slums (Brands, Breen and Williams 390). Additionally, the three generations of the Klan were focused on making the lives of the immigrants worse through abuse and violence with the most affected being the black population. Most of the Klan based their argument on descent by claiming they were from the original British colonial revolutionaries. The Klan was politically linked to the Democratic Party with main support coming from the desire to restore white supremacy (Brands, Breen and Williams 392). The group with the support of political leader killed thousands of Negros. The covering of the face ensured that they evade prosecution, but fear of the southern democrat created a change in the political support. The group was eliminated by the passage of the force bills. These bills offered protection for the Black community and ensured the influence of the Klan was reduced. The force Acts are a series of four Acts passed by the US congress, to protect the rights of the Blacks. They are the 14th and 15th amendments of the American constitution. The act gave power to the federal authorities to penalize any interference in services offered to the African American. The violations produced over 5,000 indictments with the Supreme Court later ruling that some parts of the Acts were unconstitutional. The Acts offered protection to the black through enforcing support and legal redress in case of violations (Brands, Breen and Williams 400). The Act of April 20 1871

Leading Learning Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leading Learning Organization - Essay Example tions constitute the some of the active participants suffering from the leadership weaknesses both locally and globally (Razik, Swanson & Razik, 2010). The flat world presents several opportunities for the leadership to incorporate in establishing an effective program for managing the workers. The learning organizations are not exceptional, as they apply the flat world dynamics accordingly. These continued arguments constitute the contrast and comparison of the local and global challenges that impair the education and education leadership. The comprehensive teacher leadership institutes the process in which the transformation culture for leadership in the learning industry is still key factor. Included in the identification of the iconic images of the past teacher leadership roles is that the learning organization is moving towards understanding the compelling cases of the teacher to leadership skill, and basing on the current developments (Razik, Swanson & Razik, 2010). The continued effort to institute scaring developments in the teacher to patient relation focuses on the following core current conditions that continue to evolve accordingly. Further, the changing world of managing organizations reflects that the course of proposing and establishing top-down change is becoming less profession. The processes of adopting change constitute the leadership, which is less intense ad involved to develop a structure for the relations that teacher may hold. Further, the question of the conditional stereotyping from the old fo lks in the industry continues to institute challenging developments in the management of the learning organizations. The leadership, learning and procedures of implementing and managing change institute the position for establishing a united course for developing the education setting to succeed in the local conceptualization of the learning institutions (Razik, Swanson & Razik, 2010). Notably, the face of the country is changing, and so is the

National Impacts on Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

National Impacts on Investment - Essay Example The amount of global trade has been rising during the past decades. China has become the top exporter of goods worldwide. The United States is the second largest exporter and the top importer of goods (Latimes, 2011). The U.S. has become a knowledge based economy in which the service industry accounts for 80% of the employment. A positive sign is that the United States has capitalized on its service industry to become to top exporter of services worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of international investment decisions. There are many tough decisions that multinational companies must make prior to penetrating a foreign location. Companies have to study the culture, economy, environmental and social landscape of a country. Take for example the hamburger chain Burger King. The company should beware before investing in India due to the fact the cow is considered a sacred animal in this country. A traditional Burger King franchise that sells broiled beef hamburge rs is bound to fail in such a marketplace. Americans companies should beware before investing in the Middle East due to the resentment in that region towards American culture. The area is also a major security risk since the region is a safe haven for multiple terrorist organizations. The economic condition of a region influence whether a company invests there or not. A country that would be a bad investment location for any American company is Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe is suffering from one of the worst cases of hyperinflation ever seen and the country has the highest unemployment rate in the world at 95%. Investing in such a country that is going through social and economic chaos is not a wise idea. The Sub-Saharan African region unfortunately is also a bad place to invest due to a lack of basic water, transportation and electrical infrastructure. People in Africa use 85% less water than Americans due to a lack of availability of the precious liquid. A country that has one of the fastest growing economies in the world is the People’s Republic of China. China has a growing middle class that is anxious to spend money in consumer goods to improve their quality of life. China is the most densely populated country in the world is a population of 1.33 billion inhabitants. The gross domestic product per capita of China reached $7,600 in 2010 (CultureGrams, 2011). The people of China are becoming more liberal and more eager to spend money in comparison with the past. A variable that impact the investment decisions of multinational corporations is the stability of the currency in the target countries. The currencies of the world are traded everyday in the foreign exchange markets. The value of the U.S. dollar fluctuates in value in comparison with other currencies. Multinational corporations must choose to locate in countries that have stable currencies. For instance the Dominican Peso has historically depreciated a lot in value. On the other hand the Sterling Pound used in the United Kingdom has a history of holding its value. The environment is another factor to consider when making investment decisions. It is not wise to invest in a country that has a high propensity for natural disasters. The environmental laws are another variable to consider. Companies should establish a presence in countries that have environmental laws to protect the earth’s natural resources. Sometimes unscrupulous CEOs look for countries with lax environmental laws

Effects of Teaching Methods on Accelerated Learning

Effects of Teaching Methods on Accelerated Learning Teaching techniques and their effectiveness in developing accelerated learning within UK schools and colleges Table of Contents (Jump to) 1. Research Background 2. Literature Review 3. Aims Objectives 4. Research Methodology Analysis References and Bibliography 1. Research Background The author of this report was taught using the traditional methods of teaching throughout the student life. The author came to know about a technique known as brain gym through an acquaintance and became aware of such techniques. This encouraged the author at a later stage to develop an understanding of accelerated learning and to see if it was considered effective by practitioners. Consequently, the author decided to base the dissertation on this topic within the context of English primary schools and colleges. After initiating the research the author realised that there was so much more to the topic of accelerated learning, and that there were numerous techniques associated with it that claimed to improve students learning. Hence the idea was to base the work on finding out how popular these teaching techniques were in relation to others and whether traditional teachers considered them effective. 2. Literature Review There is a huge amount of literature surrounding accelerated learning theory and different teaching techniques that claim to help develop students learning. In this section the author will make reference to a variety of techniques that are linked to accelerated learning theory but will discuss their perceived effectiveness in different situations while conducting the detailed literature review. While doing the complete literature review he author will also explore the current literature that describes the brains structure and how learning occurs, in order to help the readers understanding of how these various teaching technique help learning. Student centered education allow student to develop their real abilities by not distorting learning: this philosophy does not support traditional teaching techniques. The idea was originally conceived by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in 1762. It was thought that we should not focus on what information to teach students (primarily student’s), but teach subjects and skills in accordance to what natural talents a student possesses. The student will then develop in to a life long learner as each of them develops through stages (Sutherland, 1988). This idea has been associated with current educational policy that encourages us to become life long learners. Learning is not just about academic knowledge but is an experience that should be positive if it is to be effective. The author will now cite some of the techniques that were identified during the preliminary literature review. Brain gym is one such technique that is used to promote learning and is supposed to be effective when used with academic skills. Brain gym is used in educational kinesiology (Edu-k). There are three main types of activity that promote different processes: Crossing the midline essential for writing and reading, Lengthening activities helps in expression of stored memory, skills such as test taking, speech and writing, Energy exercises helps to decrease stress and fatigue, increases the flow of energy around the body (Magidson, 2004, p.2). The ability to cross the midline refers to an individual being able to cross and use both hemispheres at once, where different types of information can be processed and moved from left to right and right to left. Some scientists suggest that this process is a key skill required for academic success (Dennison et al 1994). Brain gym activities have been created to help learners cross the midline in order to help improve co-ordination, breathing and stamina, enhance vision and hearing and improve spatial awareness (Cohen et al 2002). Skills that may improve include short-term memory and concentration (Drabben-Thiemann et al, 2001). There is some criticism of the technique because any form of physical activity seems to create a relaxed state (Adey et al, 2002). Target setting has been used to help individuals learn more effectively by organising information in to sections in the form of a target to be achieved. It is supposed to help the learner make sense of information and feel as if the task can be achieved in small steps. The brain stores information, and then retrieves it when appropriate in the form of memory. The short-term or working memory has limited capacity, compared to our long-term memory that is much greater (Prashnig, 1998). Learning tends to be more effective when spread out over a period of time with numerous revisits (Long, 2000). Target setting should review work regularly and be connected with other work if it is to enhance long-term memory; this requires consistency and the allocation of time to ensure the technique is effective. Like a placebo, if success is created in learning it is likely to be recreated in a similar experience (Stockwell, 1992). Target setting is suggested to be difficult to use in practice because the system is time consuming to set up (Naughton et al, 2001). VAK input technique uses different methods to present information and various activities to engage the students attention; depending on the way they prefer to process information. There are allegedly different types of learners: visual, auditory and kina-esthetic (Smith 1996). Neuro-lingusitic programming research has implied that in a class there are a certain percentage of learners who prefer one of the three types of input. Approximately 29% of learners prefer visual input methods, 34% auditory and 37% are kinaesthetic learners; teachers also subconsciously teach using their preferred method of input (IAL 2000). The traditional assumption that learning is more effective in a quiet atmosphere has been challenged by research conducted in to the effects of music on learning. Research in New Zealand implied that 40% of high school students preferred noisy environments to silent ones (Prashnig, 1998). When this technique is used in lessons it appears to stimulate activity in both hemispheres (Schuster el al, 1986). Educators need to be trained on what type of music has different effects on the state created in learners, if this technique is to be used (Northumberland LEA, 2004). Teachers tend to use a mixture of approaches depending on the situation in which they teach. Some are considered more effective than others, although each technique usually derives from a specific theory. There is an increasing amount of research being conducted on how we learn and what techniques may help. However one must remain cautious about how we apply these finding, because each one is dependent on the circumstances in which it was created. 3. Aims Objectives The primary aim of the research is to find out the different teaching techniques that are used and to determine if those associated with accelerated learning theory are popular, together with how effective they are in developing students learning. Additionally this dissertation will also provide with accurate, up-to-date, research-based information about possible future trends in accelerated learning techniques. And lastly, this research will try to provide possible suggestions and recommendations to be considered for the improvement of such techniques to develop ideas for further research in this context. To summarize some of the questions that will be addressed through this research are as follows: What teaching techniques are used to develop students learning? The need for such techniques to be used? Effectiveness and implications of such techniques? What are the possible alternatives? Student involvement in the use of such techniques? 4. Research Methodology Analysis A collection of methodologies will be used to carry out this research. Both primary and secondary data will be collected for this purpose. The secondary data will comprise of data from literature reviewed from books, journals, Internet and the annual reports of the institutions while the primary data will take the form of information/results collected from the case study and questionnaire. The researcher has chosen the Case study and Survey strategies for the research. Both of them are common and popular strategy in educational research. â€Å"A case study is a detailed examination of one setting, or one single subject, or one single repository of documents, or one particular event [Bogdan and Biklen, 1982].† Case study approach is categorized as ‘Non-Participant’ qualitative research. Therefore, the first stage of research will comprise of short listing of the educational institutions where the case studies will be carried out. The first criteria will be selecting those institutions that employ accelerated learning techniques. Educational institutions with traditional setting will also be included in the case study for comparative analysis. Survey research is one of the most widely used forms of research among the educational researchers. It involves researchers asking a large group of people questions about a particular topic. All surveys possess three basic characteristics: (1) the collection of information (2) from a sample (3) by asking a question. A survey can be carried out by conducting interviews with individuals or groups and use of questionnaires. In the second stage of the research the researcher will use a detailed questionnaire, testing quantitatively a much larger sample of teachers. Based on the initial literature review the author will prepare a preliminary questionnaire which be circulated to a small sample. Based on the results of the initial response the questionnaire will be refined and will be sent to a much larger sample. Research analysis will be done based on the method proposed by Hycner (1985). According to him, the analysis requires the researcher to read the transcripts; identify themes; confirm the accuracy of the interpretation and produce a final summary. Thus the information will be analyzed accordingly and a brief summary will be prepared. References Adey, P. Robertson, A. Venville, G. (2002) Effects of a cognitive acceleration programme on Year 1 pupils British Journal of Educational Psychology 72 (1) pp.1-25 Bogdan, R. and Biklen, S. (1982). Qualitative Research for education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Brain Gym International (ONLINE www.braingym.org). Burns, N., Grove, S. K. (1997). The practice of nursing research. Conduct, critique and utilization. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders. Cannell, C. Fowler, F. J. Kalton, G. Oksenberg, E. Bischoping, K. (2004) New quantitative techniques for presenting survey questions in Bulmer M (ed) Questionnaires Volume IV Eondon: SAGE Publications Etd. Cohen, I. Goldsmith, M. (2002) Hands on how to use brain gym in the classroom Ventura: Edu-Kinesthetics Inc. Dennison, D. Dennison, G. (1994) Brain gym teachers edition revised 2 ed. Califonia: Edu-Kinesthetics Inc. Dennison, G. (2001) Brain gym for preschoolers in a Headstart Program USA: Brain Gym International (ONEINE http://www.braingym.org/). Drabben-Thiemann G Hedwig D Kenklies M Yon Blomberg A Marahrens G Marahrens A Hager K (2001) The effects of brain gym on the cognitive performance of Alzheimers patients Brain Gym Journal XVI (1) pp.10, USA: Brain Gym International (ONLINE www.braingym.org). Hycner, R H (1985) Some guidelines for the phenomenological analysis of interview data, Human Studies 8, 279-303 International Alliance for Learning (IAL) (2000) Spirit of accelerated learning; unity, self systems and society Atlanta: Teach America Cooperation. Long M (2000) The psychology of education London: RoutledgeFalmer, Magidson E L (2004) Educational kinesiology and brain gym. Creative Counseling Consulting (ONLINE http://members.aol.com/braingym/bg.htmr). Naughton G M Rolfe S A Siraj-Blatchford I (2001) International Perspectives on theory and practice Buckingham: Open University Press Northumberland LEA (2004) The thinking classroom Northumberland: LEA (ONLINE http://ngfl.northumberland.gov.uk/). Prashnig B (1998) The power of diversity new ways of learning and teaching Stafford: Network Educational Press Ltd. Schuster D H Gritton C E (1986) Suggestive accelerative learning techniques London: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. Smith A (1996) Accelerated learning in the classroom Stafford: Network Educational Press Stockwell T (1992) Accelerated learning in theory and practice Liechtenstein: Druckerei Gutenburg AG Sutherland M (1988) Theory of education Harlow: Longman

Submission or Revolt in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: free essay writer

Jane Eyre: Submission or Revolt The single greatest conflict of Charlotte Brontà «'s Jane Eyre is Jane's struggle between submission and revolt. At times it is difficult for her to know which of those two actions to choose-- she is a spirited woman who cannot accept oppression but sometimes has no choice but to submit. As a little girl she had no knowledge that there was a medium between the two. Eventually she learns moderation and she doesn't need to choose submission or revolt; she comes into her own money by the end and escapes from the oppression she suffered as a child. Jane's oppression begins at Gateshead Hall while living with her Aunt Reed and cousins. For most of her time there, she chooses submission to all their cruelties because she has no choice really. She is a little child with no money and not living relatives that she knows about. John Reed is terrible to her; he teases Jane cruelly and tries to harm her. Jane sees "in him a tyrant: a murderer" in the instance when he yells at her for reading his books and then throws the book at her, drawing blood (13). This is when Jane decides not to remain passive and submit to these cruelties, but to revolt fully against him. She insults him back and physically fights with him. As a result of this, however, Jane is forced to submit to even greater oppression by Mrs. Reed; she is locked in the red-room like an animal. She tries to revolt, but she is unable to accomplish anything at all while locked in the room, except for becoming ill with fear of the room. Before Jane leaves Gateshead for Lowood Institution, she chooses to verbally revolt against Mrs. Reed, as she was unable to before. She tells Mrs. Reed that she is "bad, hard-hearted" and "deceitful" and renounces her as a relation (39). Soon after, Jane is off to Lowood school where more adults tell her what to do. Jane is not as oppressed at Lowood school, but she still is not allowed to do as she pleases, especially not at first. The teachers treat her well, especially Miss Temple, one of her closest friends there. However, after she has been there a few weeks, Mr. Brocklehurst puts her in front of the class and denounces her as a liar. Helen Burns entreats Jane not to let it get her down because Brocklehurst "is not a god" and is disliked by everyone (71).

Pathophysiology Case Study Essay

Patient Case Question 1: For which condition is this patient likely taking nifedipine? Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure and chest pain. Patient’s past medical history indicates that he has had hypertension â€Å"for years,† the patient is most likely taking Nifedipine to manage this condition. May also be taking nifedipine so as to prevent chest pain from his past condition of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Patient Case Question 2: For which condition is this patient likely taking lisinopril? Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that treats high blood pressure and heart failure. Patient could be taking lisinopril in tandem with nifedipine to manage his hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease. Patient Case Question 3: For which Condition is this patient likely taking paroxetine? Paroxetine is used to treat various mood disorders. It is most likely that the patient is taking paroxetine to treat his generalized anxiety disorder, which he has been experiencing for the past 18 months (according to his past medical history). Patient Case Question 4: What is meant by â€Å"tenting of the skin† and what does this clinical sign suggest? â€Å"Tenting of the skin† involves a skin turgor test. By pulling a fold of skin from the back of the hand, lower arm, or abdomen with two fingers one can assess the ability of the patient’s skin to change shape and return to normal (elasticity). â€Å"Tenting of the skin,† indicates that the skin is not returning to normal quickly, which means the person has severe dehydration, a fluid loss of 10% body weight. The result of his skin turgor test indicates late signs of dehydration (patient had skin with poor turgor), and the presence of tenting in the skin indicates the severity of his dehydration. Patient Case Question 5: Are the negative Grey Turner and Cullen signs evidence of a good or poor prognosis? A positive test for Cullen sign occurs when a patient has superficial bruising in the subcutaneous fat around the umbilicus. A positive Grey  Turner test occurs when a patient has bruising of flanks (last rib to top of hip), which indicates a retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Both Cullen and Grey Turner signs are used to indicate/predict acute pancreatitis, when these signs are present one has a high rate of mortality (37%). The patient tested negative for both Grey Turner and Cullen signs, so his prognosis is good. Patient Case Question 6: Identify THREE major risk factors for acute pancreatitis in this patient. Patient has sinus tachycardia, paired with the patient’s severe dehydration the patient is showing signs of having acute pancreatitis. Patient also has a history of alcohol abuse and is regularly taking ACE inhibitors, which puts him at a high risk of developing acute pancreatitis. Patient also has diminished bowel sounds that indicate possible acute pancreatitis. Patient Case Question 7: Identify TWO abnormal laboratory tests that suggest that acute renal failure has developed in this patient. Patient’s Blood Urea Nitrogren (BUN) level is 34 mg/dL; which indicates decreased kidney function. Patient has a potassium level of 3.5 meq/L which is below normal range (3.7- 5.2 meq/L), this indicates possible renal artery stenosis. Both of these lab results suggest that the patient has developed acute renal failure. Patient Case Question 8: Why are hemoglobin and hematocrit abnormal? Patient’s hemoglobin level is 18.3 g/dL, normal hemoglobin levels for men are between 14 and 18 g/dL. Patient’s hematocrit level is 53%, normal hematocrit levels are 40-50%. This abnormally high lab results indicate early stages of kidney disease and anemia. Patient has developed acute renal failure, so these test results are as expected for a patient under such conditions. Patient Case Question 9: How many Ranson criteria does this patient have and what is the probability that the patient will die from this attack of acute pancreatitis? Patient has seven points of Ranson criteria. Patient’s WBC count was over 16K, patient is over age 55, patient’s blood glucose level was higher than  200 mg/dL, patient’s LDH level was over 350, patient had high BUN level, and Patient had high fluid needs due to his dehydration. Patient’s predicted mortalitiy is 100% based upon the Ranson criteria, so it is very likely that the patient will die from this attack of acute pancreatitis. Patient Case Question 10: Does the patient have a significant electrolyte imbalance? Patient has a sodium level that is 1 meq/L below normal range, and a potassium level 0.2 meq/L below normal range. This indicates that the patient is having renal complications that are interfering with electrolyte balance. Patient Case Question 11: Why was no blood drawn for an ABG determination? No blood was drawn for an ABG determination because patient’s lungs were clear to no auscultation, so no test was needed to test patient’s blood PH. Also patient had urine with a PH within normal range, so an ABG test was not really needed.

Our Right to Drugs essays

Our Right to Drugs essays "Please, sir. . . may I have some more?" The Analysis of a Paternalistic Government A Report on Our Right to Drugs by Thomas Szasz You might be tempted to label Thomas Szasz, author of Our Right to Drugs, The Case for a Free Market, a counter-culture hippie. However, this analysis couldnt be further from the truth. Szasz, a Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at the State University of New York Health Science Center in Syracuse, is a major supporter of civil liberties. He sees the so-called "War on Drugs" as one of the worst atrocities that the American Government has perpetrated on its people. Szasz contends that the prohibition of certain drugs, including common prescription drugs, is nothing more than the government telling the people that "father knows best". It is this paternalistic attitude that Szasz finds so oppressive. Mr. Szasz makes three key arguments throughout his book. First, the "War on Drugs" is a failure and can never succeed. It should be stopped immediately. Second, drug legalization is not a viable answer. It would only turn into another attempt by the government to control drugs and would not be any more of a free market than the current system of drug prohibition. Third, he proposes a solution. The solution is to end all drug regulation by the government; in effect, creating a free market for drugs. He doesnt stop at illicit drugs, however. He also includes prescription drugs in this solution as well. He sees the governments drug control policy as an attempt by the government to control its population, much like a parent controls his/her children. In order to get at what Mr. Szasz is saying, we must first examine his definition of what a free market is. Szasz defines the free market as "the right of every competent adult to trade in goods and services." (Szasz, page 2). In other words, he is outlining a laissez-faire system of the free market. Szasz contends that the ...

Composites In Boeings 787 Dreamliner

Composites In Boeing's 787 Dreamliner What is the average density of the materials used in a modern airliner? Whatever it is, the reduction in average density has been huge since the Wright Brothers flew the first practical airplane. The drive to reduce weight in airplanes is aggressive and continuous and accelerated by rapidly climbing fuel prices. This drive lowers specific fuel costs, improves the range/payload equation and helps the environment. Composites play a major part in modern airplanes and the Boeing Dreamliner is no exception in maintaining the decreasing weight trend. Composites and Weight Reduction The Douglas DC3 (dating back to 1936) had a take-off weight of about 25,200 pounds with a passenger complement of about 25. With a maximum payload range of 350 miles, thats about 3 pounds per passenger mile. The Boeing Dreamliner has a take-off weight of 550,000 pounds carrying 290 passengers. With a fully loaded range of over 8,000 miles, thats roughly  ¼ pound per passenger mile - 1100% better! Jet engines, better design, weight saving technology such as fly by wire - all have contributed to the quantum leap - but composites have had a huge part to play. They are used in the Dreamliner airframe, the engines, and many other components. Use of Composites in the Dreamliner Airframe The Dreamliner has an airframe comprising nearly 50% carbon fiber reinforced plastic and other composites. This approach offers weight savings on average of 20 per cent compared to more conventional (and outdated) aluminum designs. Composites in the airframe have maintenance advantages too. A typically bonded repair may require 24 or more hours of airplane downtime but Boeing has developed a new line of maintenance repair capability that requires less than an hour to apply. This speedy technique offers the possibility for temporary repairs and a quick turnaround whereas such minor damage might have grounded an aluminum airplane. That is an intriguing perspective. The fuselage is constructed in tubular segments which are then joined together during final assembly. The use of composites is said to save 50,000 rivets per plane. Each rivet site would have required maintenance checking as a potential failure location. And thats just rivets! Composites in the Engines The Dreamliner has GE (GEnx-1B) and Rolls Royce (Trent 1000) engine options, and both use composites extensively. The nacelles (inlet and fan cowls) are an obvious candidate for composites. However, composites are even used in the fan blades of the GE engines. The blade technology has advanced tremendously since the days of the Rolls-Royce RB211. The early technology bankrupted the company in 1971 when its Hyfil carbon fiber fan blades failed in bird strike tests. General Electric has led the way with titanium-tipped composite fan blade technology since 1995. In the Dreamliner power plant, composites are used for the first 5 stages of the 7 stage low-pressure turbine. More About Less Weight What about some numbers? The GE power plants light weight fan containment case reduces aircraft weight by 1200 pounds (more than  ½ ton). The case is reinforced with carbon fiber braid. That is just the fan case weight saving, and it is an important indicator of the strength/weight benefits of composites. This is because a fan case has to contain all debris in case of a fan failure. If it will not contain the debris then the engine cannot be certified for flight. Weight saved in blade turbine blades also saves weight in the required containment case and rotors. This multiplies its saving and improving its power/weight ratio. In total each Dreamliner contains about 70,000 pounds (33 tons) of carbon fiber reinforced plastic - of which about 45,000 (20 tons) pounds is carbon fiber. Conclusion The early design and production problems of using composites in airplanes have now been overcome. The Dreamliner is at the peak of airplane fuel efficiency, minimized environmental impact and safety. With reduced component counts, lower levels of maintenance checking and greater airtime, the support costs are significantly reduced for airline operators. From fan blades to fuselage, wings to washrooms, the Dreamliners efficiency would be impossible without advanced composites.

A Visit to a Museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Visit to a Museum - Essay Example My visit to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art was a very memorable one for me. Upon entering the museum, I felt like I have entered the world of ancient times. The museum was well decorated and managed and all collections were placed for the visitors with a proper sequence. It was a nice classic concert in the museum the day we went there, so the experience was even more electrifying. We came across many pieces of artworks from modern and ancient times. We also saw many modern and contemporary artworks. I liked the Egyptian part (the reliefs and sculpture), the portrait of Mrs. John Pigott, and the picture of Pablo Picasso. I also liked the Urban Lights by Chris Burden. What we liked the most in the museum was the way the artworks had been organized. We did not have any difficulty in finding collections from ancient or modern times as everything was organized with a proper sequence. Before visiting the museum, I always used to think about museums as a boring place where bundles of old works are placed. However, now my perceptions have changed. Now I feel that museums are not boring at all and they make a person go back to the world of ancient times where one can experience a pleasant feeling while exploring old artworks and testaments. Summing it up, my visit to the museum was one of the best visiting experiences of my life. I can never forget my trip to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art because it created a new image of America in my mind, which was the image of a culturally diverse

Introduction to Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to Management Accounting - Essay Example In this project the various motivational theories have been discussed. The impact of motivation on budgets has also been discussed with the help of empirical evidences. The concept of been budgeting and beyond budgeting has also been discussed in the light of motivation and its implication on the budgeting. Theories of motivation The term motivation was derived from the word mover which is a Latin word and means to move. Motivation can also be referred to the word motive which can be described as an objective which makes a person move on a particular direction. Motivation can be defined as a process by which a person directs all his efforts persistently to attain his goal. As per Robbins motivation includes three things they are intensity, persistence and direction. Intensity signifies the level of effort given, direction channelizes that effort into organizational benefit and persistence signifies the time period through which one gives the effort continuously (Robbins, Judge and Sa nghi, 2010, p.71). There are various theories of motivation among them the most important ones are mentioned below:- Maslow’s need hierarchy motivational theory: The Maslow’s hierarchy of needs motivational theory is the oldest motivational theory. ... The physiological needs and safety needs are considered as lower order needs and the need for self esteem, social and self actualization are known as higher order needs. The physiological needs include the basic needs which are required for survival like need for food, water, shelter etc. The safety need signifies the need for being protected from any type of physical or mental harm. Once these two needs are satisfied then the individual tries to satisfy the social needs. This type of need signifies the need of friendship, belongingness or being accepted by the society. This is the third need of the hierarchy. Once the social needs are satisfied the individuals strive for esteem needs which signifies the need to be respected, having recognition in the society, status etc. The last need of the hierarchy is the need for self actualization. The managers have to identify the level of need which the individual is having and then motivate the person to fulfil that need or the need beyond t hat level (Brooks, 2007, p.55). McGregor theory of X and Y: McGregor gave the motivational theory as the theory of X and Y. As per theory X the individual are classified as being lazy and unwilling to work on their own. These individuals are driven by the lower order need that is the needs of existence and the security needs. To make this type of individuals persons work coercion should be practiced. The theory X considers the negative trait of the individuals. On the other hand theory Y considers the positive traits of the individuals. As per theory Y individual are active and enjoys their work in the organization as any other work like their hobbies. These persons are driven